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Management of Occupational Exposure
References:
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CDC. Public Health Service statement on management of
occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, including
considerations regarding zidovudine postexposure use. MMWR
1990;39(no. RR-1).
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CDC. Case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health-care
workers after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood -- France,
United Kingdom, and United States, January 1988-August 1994. MMWR
1995;44:929-33.
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Tokars JI, Marcus R, Culver DH, et al. Surveillance of HIV
infection and zidovudine use among health care workers after
occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood. Ann Intern Med
1993;118:913-9.
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Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of
maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type
1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1173-80.
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Sperling RS, Shapiro DE, Coombs R, et al. Maternal plasma HIV-1
RNA and the success of zidovudine in the prevention of mother-child
transmission {Abstract no. LB1}. In: Program and abstracts of the
3rd conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections.
Alexandria, Virginia: Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996.
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Niu MT, Stein DS, Schnittmann SM. Primary human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 infection: review of pathogenesis and early treatment
interventions in humans and animal retrovirus infections. J Infect
Dis 1993;168:1490-501.
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Gerberding JL. Management of occupational exposures to
blood-borne viruses. N Engl J Med 1995;332:444-51.
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Anonymous. New drugs for HIV infection. The Medical Letter on
Drugs and Therapeutics 1996;38:35-7.
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Connor E, Sperling R, Shapiro D, et al. Long term effect of
zidovudine exposure among uninfected infants born to HIV-infected
mothers in pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076. In:
Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for
Microbiology, 1995;205.
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Kinloch-de Lo s S, Hirschel BJ, Hoen B, et al. A controlled
trial of zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus
infection. N Engl J Med 1995;333:408-13
* The interagency working group comprised representatives of CDC,
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Health Resources and
Services Administration, and the National Institutes of Health.
Information included in these recommendations may not represent FDA
approval or approved labeling for the particular products or
indications in question. Specifically, the terms "safe" and
"effective" may not be synonymous with the FDA-defined legal
standards for product approval.
** CDC and the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases
cosponsored a workshop, HIV Post-Exposure Management for Health
Care Workers, on March 4-5, 1996; proceedings of the workshop will
be published in the American Journal of Medicine.
*** Single copies of this report will be available free until June
7, 1997, from the CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003,
Rockville, MD 20849-6003; telephone (800) 458-5231 or (301)
217-0023.
**** An HIV strain is more likely to be resistant to a specific
antiretroviral agent if it is derived from a patient who has been
exposed to the agent for a prolonged period of time (e.g., 6-12
months or longer). In general, resistance develops more readily in
persons with more advanced HIV infection (e.g., CD4+ T-lymphocyte
count of less than 200 cells/mm3), reflecting the increasing rate
of viral replication during later stages of the illness.
Source: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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