Pain in Patients with HIV/AIDS

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Table 1. Effect of Pain on Quality of Life

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Physical

Decreased functional capability
Diminished strength, endurance
Nausea, poor appetite
Poor or interrupted sleep

Psychological

Diminished leisure, enjoyment
Increased anxiety, fear
Depression, personal distress
Difficulty concentrating
Somatic preoccupation
Loss of control

Social

Diminished social relationships
Decreased sexual function, affection
Altered appearance
Increased caregiver burden

Spiritual

Increased suffering
Altered meaning
Reevaluation of religeous beliefs

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Source: Ferrel, Rhiner, Cohen, et al., 1991

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