References
1. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a summary. MMWR 1995;44(No. RR-8).
2. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: disease specific recommendations. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(suppl 1):S32S43.
3. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a summary. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:34868.
4. Kaplan JE, Masur H, Jaffe HW, Holmes KK. Reducing the impact of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection: new guidelines. JAMA 1995;274:3478.
5. Gross PA, Barrett TL, Dellinger EP, et al. Purpose of quality standards for infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:421.
6. Kaplan JE, Masur H, Holmes KK, et al. USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: introduction. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(suppl 1):S1S11.
7. Selik RM, Chu SY, Ward JW. Trends in infectious diseases and cancers among persons dying of HIV infection in the United States from 1987 to 1992. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:9336.
\8. Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Natural history of opportunistic disease in an HIV-infected urban clinical cohort. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:63342.
9. Jones JL, Hanson DL, Ward JW, Kaplan JE. Incidence trends in AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses in injecting drug users and men who have sex with men [Abstract We.C.3418] Vol 2. XI International Conference on AIDS. Vancouver, July 712, 1996.
10. Karon JM, Rosenberg PS, McQuillan G, Khare M, Gwinn M, Petersen LR. Prevalence of HIV infection in the United States, 1984 to 1992. JAMA 1996;276:12631.
11. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. 1997 USPHS/IDSA guide-lines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Preface. Clin Infect Dis 1997 (in press).
12. Kaplan JE, Masur H, Holmes KK, et al. USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(suppl 1):S21S31.
13. El-Sadr W, Oleske JM, Agins BD, et al. Evaluation and management of early HIV infection. Clinical practice guideline no. 7. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1994; AHCPR publication no. 940572.
14. Carpenter CCJ, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996: recommendations of an international panel. JAMA 1996;276:14654.
15. CDC. 1995 revised guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for children infected with or perinatally exposed to human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR 1995; 44(No. RR-4).
16. CDC. 1994 revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age. MMWR 1994;43(No. RR-12).
17. American Academy of Pediatrics. 1997 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Dis-eases. 24th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1997:294,547.
18. ACIP. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence. MMWR 1993; 42(No. RR-4).
19. Kurman RJ, Henson DE, Herbst AL, Noller KL, Schiffman MH. Interim guidelines for management of abnormal cervical cytology. The 1992 National Cancer Institute workshop. JAMA 1994;271:18669.
20. CDC. Clinical update: Impact of HIV protease inhibitors on the treatment of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients with rifampin. MMWR 1996;45:9215.
21. Castro KG. Tuberculosis as an opportunistic disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(suppl 1):S66S71.
Members of the USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group
The working group was chaired by Henry Masur, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Jonathan E. Kaplan, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; and King K. Holmes, University of Washington, Seattle. Members of the group included Donald Armstrong (Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York); A. Cornelius Baker (National Association of Persons with AIDS, Washington, DC); David Barr (Gay Men's Health Crisis, Washington, DC); Constance Benson (Rush Medical College, Chicago); Carol Brosgart (East Bay AIDS Center, Berkeley, CA); Richard Chaisson (The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore); Ellen Cooper (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); Clyde Crumpacker (Beth Israel Hospital, Boston); Catherine Decker (National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD); Larry Drew (Mt. Zion Medical Center of UCSF, San Francisco); Robert Eisinger (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); Wafaa El-Sadr (Harlem Hospital Center, New York); Kenneth Freedberg (Boston Medical Center, Boston); Mark Goldberger (Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD); Fred Gordin (Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC); Wayne Greaves (Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC); Peter Gross (Hackensack Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ); Richard Hafner (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); Diane Havlir (University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA); Robert Horsburgh (Emory University, Atlanta); Douglas Jabs (The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore); Mari Kitahata (University of Washington, Seattle); Joseph Kovacs (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); William Martone (National Foundation for Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD); Douglas Mayers (Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD); David Melnick (Kaiser Permanente, Springfield, VA); Lynne Mofenson (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); James Neaton (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis); Charles Nelson (National Minority AIDS Council, Washington, DC); Edward Oldfield (Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA); John Phair (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago); Michael Polis (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); Bruce Polsky (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York); William Powderly (Washington University, St. Louis, MO); David Rimland (Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta); Elaine Sloand (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); Liza Solomon (Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore); Stephen Spector (University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA); Rhoda Sperling (Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York); Carol Braun Trapnell (Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD); Russell Van Dyke (Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans); Richard Whitley (University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL); and Tom Wright (Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York). Participants from the Centers for Dis-ease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, included Ermias Belay, Jay C. Butler, Kenneth G. Castro, Clare Dykewicz, Brian R. Edlin, Tedd Ellerbrock, Rana A. Hajjeh, Harold W. Jaffe, Dennis Juranek, Michael McNeil, Bess Miller, Philip E. Pellett, William Reeves, W. William Schluter, Richard A. Spiegel, John A. Stewart, Barbara Styrt, Suzanne D. Vernon, and John Ward.
The following CDC staff member prepared this report:
Jonathan E. Kaplan, M.D.
National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory
Research and National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention Division of
HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology in collaboration with
Henry Masur, M.D. National Institutes of Health
King K. Holmes, M.D., Ph.D. University of Washington
USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group
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